English: "[…] presented for (a) fossil CO2 emissions (EFOS), (b) land-use change emissions (ELUC), (c) the ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN), and (d) the land CO2 sink (SLAND). Positive values for EFOS and ELUC represent a flux to the atmosphere, whereas positive values of SOCEAN and SLAND represent a flux from the atmosphere to the ocean or the land (carbon sink). In all panels, yellow and red colours represent a source (flux from the land or ocean to the atmosphere) and green and blue colours represent a sink (flux from the atmosphere into the land or ocean). All units are in kilograms of carbon per square metre per year (kg C m−2 yr−1). Note the different scales in each panel. EFOS data shown are from GCP-GridFEDv2023.1 and do not include cement carbonation. The ELUC map shows the average ELUC from the three bookkeeping models plus emissions from peat drainage and peat fires. Gridded ELUC estimates for H&C2023 and OSCAR are derived by spatially distributing their national data based on the spatial patterns of BLUE gross fluxes in each country (see Schwingshackl et al., 2022, for more details about the methodology). SOCEAN data shown are the average of global ocean biogeochemistry models (GOBMs) and data-product means, using GOBM simulation A, no adjustment for bias and drift applied to the gridded fields (see Sect. 2.5). SLAND data shown are the average of the DGVMs for simulation S2 (see Sect. 2.6)." It is one of the studies featured in 2023 in science.